Tuesday, January 28, 2014

What Is Sound?

 
by John Carl Villanueva on March 30, 2010

 
Light and sound are both waves. However, the former can travel through a vacuum while the latter cannot. So what is sound and how does it propagate as a wave?
Sound is actually a pressure wave. When an object vibrates, it creates a mechanical disturbance in the medium in which it is directly adjacent to. Usually, the medium is air. The medium then carries the disturbance in the form of oscillating and propagating pressure waves.

The frequency of the waves are dependent on the frequency of the vibrating source. If the frequency of the vibrating source is high, then the sound wave will also have a high frequency. The sounds that we hear, from the voice of the person right next to you, to the music coming from your iPod earphones, to the crashing noise of shattered glass, all come from a vibrating source.
As the sound waves propagate through a medium, the pressure at a localized region in the medium alternates between compressions and rarefactions (or decompressions). Thus, if at one instant, a region in the medium experiences compression, the regions adjacent to it along the line of propagation are expected to be experiencing rarefactions.
Then as time progresses, the region in question undergoes a rarefaction while those adjacent to it undergo compressions. Therefore, if no medium exists, then the compressions and rarefactions cannot occur.

Now, how does one hear sounds? Remember how a source has to vibrate to produce a sound wave, and how a vibrating medium (e.g. air) has to exist to allow the sound wave to propagate? In the same manner, the receiver of the sound has to have something that can vibrate in order to ‘interpret’ the sound carried by the vibrating medium.

In the case of our ears, our eardrums serve as the receivers. When the vibrating air reaches our eardrums, it causes our eardrums to vibrate as well. The eardrums then transmit these vibrations to tiny bones in the middle ear, and so on until they reach the inner ear where the oscillating pressures are converted into electrical signals and sent to the brain.
Our ears are sensitive to vibrations between 20 to 20,000 Hz. Normally, frequencies that are higher or lower than the range provided cannot be processed by our auditory system. Young kids however, are able to hear slightly higher frequencies. That means, the range over which we are sensitive to diminishes as we grow older.

Tired eyes? Let your ears help you learn for a change.

Happty Birthday Mawlana Shaykh Hisham

The Legacy of As-Sayyid Mawlana Shaykh Hisham Kabbani

The Legacy of As-Sayyid Mawlana Shaykh Hisham Kabbani

www.SufiLive.com

Monday, January 27, 2014

HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO THE Guiding Light of This Era!

 
Mawlana Shaykh Hisham Kabbani
 
- Qutbul Mutasarrif

- Meded-ul Haqq Hujja-tullah He-Mukhlis

- Samir Al-Haqq Zainul-Abidin

- Murad-ullah He-Zakir

- Imam-ul Ishraqiyoon

Thursday, January 16, 2014

Just Say HU




From the Teachings of Shaykh Hisham

All praise belongs to the one who created everything in perfection.  The one who perfected our master Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings upon him) and made him the best example for us to follow.  We seek support in every breath from our perfected guides Mawlana Shaykh Nazim Haqqani (q) and Mawlana Shaykh Hisham Qabbani (q) who are the inheritors of the seal of messengers.  They are oceans and even a drop from their knowledge will give us an understanding to safely move from this life to hereafter.  Their teachings and methods are for us to put into action for the best of results.  The best of results lead us to knowing ourselves and our lord. 

Sufi Meditation is a step which begins the process of self awareness.  The Prophet Muhammad (saws) mentioned; the one who knows himself will know his lord.  This involves learning the inner and outer.  The inner part of our hidden characteristics and outer for the makeup of our physicality.  A simple function as breathing which we may perform 15 to 25 times per minute.  It is a step we are so unaware but so essential for our existence.  How perfect our creator made it.  Our chest expands to bring the outside air into our lungs where fresh oxygen is supplied to the blood and the waste (carbon dioxide) produced by the cells is exhaled out.  This oxygen enriched blood is pumped to the heart to be circulated thru out the body.  This process is continuing around the clock inside our bodies and sustaining us as long as we have to be on this earth.  It takes place whether you are aware of it or not.  Our Guides begin to teach us to be aware of it and all that is inside of us and outside.  Contemplate on what is happening and meditate on the wonders of your lord. 

They begin to teach us to be conscious of that breath.  When we sit to meditate to inhale and exhale with the name of the absolute essence ‘Hu’.  The most unknown to his creation and without any limits.  Again, Allah (swt) granted this mercy to everyone.  There is no difference as all human beings naturally breathe with the words ‘Hu” when they inhale and exhale.  You just have to pay attention and we notice the rhythm of our heart is also beating to ‘Hu’, ‘Hu’, ‘Hu’.  Consciousness of this breathing leads you to remember your lord.  Your heart is remembering without us knowing but now when you sit to meditate on it you are trying to connect with realities that are unknown to you at the moment but exist by our lords’ command.  We are taught to remember because our return is back to the heavens where we are coming from.  While on earth we have to sustain the physicality and the soul.  The soul is the divine energy and source of life for the body to exist.  We have to feed both, food for the body and God’s remembrance for the soul.  So this process is happening at the minimal but the perfected guides want you to increase the consciousness and increase the connection between you and the divine energy. 

There is too much negativity around us on this earth and conscious breathing attracts positive energy so we become balanced and push away the negativity around us.  We become like a molecule which is attracting ions.  Initially we can balance ourselves with positive energy, as we attract more positive energy and build ourselves.  We can begin to give off these ions to those around us that are in need and begin to make them balanced.  How does that happen? By the simple presence of the positively charged person.  It is how God had created and put these laws forth on his creation.  Such is the example of our guides.  They have reached such levels in the divine that their simple presence will bring tremendous positive energy at any place.  They encourage us to do the same and follow their steps because we are helping those around us and being true servants to our lord.  That is the highest honor for us to be of service to Allah (swt), his Prophet (saws), and our guides.

According to Khaliq al-Ghujdawani (q), a saint in the Naqshbandi golden chain said that: "the wise seeker must safeguard his breath from heedlessness, coming in and going out, thereby keeping his heart always in the Divine Presence; and he must revive his breath with worship and servitude and dispatch this worship to His Lord full of life, for every breath which is inhaled and exhaled with Presence is alive and connected with the Divine Presence. Every breath inhaled and exhaled with heedlessness is dead, disconnected from the Divine Presence."

The breadth of mercy is by the order of our Lord who says to something ‘Be’ and it is.  The importance of it and the evidence is in the words that Allah (swt) sent to his beloved messenger Prophet Muhammad (saws).  We learn from the teaching of Mawlan Shaykh Hisham (q), it has been placed in the first verse of chapter 112 of Holy Quran.  Surah Ikhlas (chapter of sincerity).  It comprises of 4 verses.  To get a better understanding you have to see the Arabic and the order of these letters.  The first verse of Surah Ikhlas reads in Arabic.  ‘Qul Hu-walaahu 'Ahad’.  The translation of this verse is: ‘Say: He is Allah, the One and Only’.  Allah (swt) is ordering thru his beloved to Say Hu Allah Hu.  This is the same recitation we use during Sufi Meditation.  We inhale the word ‘Hu’ to bring this divine energy inside and the apex is to before exhaling to say the divine name Allah in our heart and exhale with ‘Hu’.  We repeat this process thru out our practice and it begins to dress us with angelic energy.  The first word of this verse is ‘Qul’, it comprises of Arabic letter Qaf  and Lam .  Qaf is also the first letter for the Arabic word ‘Qalb’ which means the heart.  The first order is for our soul to say it which was created first before this physicality.  Allah is ordering this remembrance and by his order it is happening in our heart whether we are aware of it or not.  The next letter is ‘Lam’ which is also the first letter for the Arabic word ‘Lissan” which means the tongue. Allah is ordering our physicality which came afterwards to say it.  This requires an effort from us to now bring it to our tongue.  It is an action we have to perform.  In the first verse of Surah Ikhlas, these letters are not separate but combined to make ‘Qul”.  It is directing us to combine what our soul is saying thru the heart and the physicality saying thru the tongue and make it powerful and effective.  It is an action that becomes a daily part of our life.  And what is this order asking for us to say.  Say: ‘Hu Allah Hu’.  It is the first step on this journey of Gnosticism. 

Sufi Meditation is not asking to do something out of the ordinary.  But simply following the order of our creator.  Begin by saying Hu Allah Hu.  The order is to combine the two by saying in the heart and the tongue to make it a complete action.  One will notice that all of the chapters in the Quran have a title and that title is found within each of the chapters.  But Surah Ikhlas is one unique chapter that the name is not within its 4 verses.  It is an indication that it has to be found within these verses or obeying the verses and belief will make you to reach sincerity.  This is the highest level of Islam as was described in the hadith of Pophet (saws) where he divided the religion into three levels: Islam (religion), Iman (faith), and Ihsan (sincerity and good manners). 

We are asking to be dressed with the lights of our pious teachers in these dark times.

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

Jealousy Blocks the Eye of the Heart


From the Teachings of Mawlana Shaykh Hisham
Shaykh Nurjan Mirahmadi
Sufi Meditation Center, Vancouver, BC

http://youtu.be/fsnIwZwEqSI

Audubillahi min ash-shaytanir rajeem, Bismillahi Rahmaani Raheem..

Asking from these holy night that as people are celebrating the life and the birth and times of Sayyidina Isa (as), people of realities, people of Love / ishq celebrate that light that life, that love and that teaching all the time. So it is our duty to always join in the celebration of the Divine and those whom the Divine is pleased with and the best example is within the prophets, the Ahlul Bayt and family of the Prophet, the Sahaba or companions of the Prophet and those who accompanied all prophets and the awliyaullah the pious servants of the Divine Presence and they are all the best of examples for us.
فتقبلها ربها بقبول حسن وأنبتها نباتا حسنا وكفلها زكريا كلما دخل عليها زكريا المحراب وجد عندها رزقا قال يا مريم أنى لك هذا قالت هو من عند الله إن الله يرزق من يشاء بغير حساب
Transliteration
Fata qabbalaha rabbu habiqaboolin hasanin wa anbataha nabatan hasanan wa kaffalaha zakariyya kullama dakhala AAalayha zakariyya al mihraba wajada AAindaha rizqan qala ya maryamu annalaki hatha qalat huwa min AAindi Allahi innaAllaha yarzuqu man yashao bighayri hisab
Yusuf Ali
Right graciously did her Lord accept her: He made her grow in purity and beauty: To the care of Zakariya was she assigned. Every time that he entered (Her) chamber to see her, He found her supplied with sustenance. He said: “O Mary! Whence (comes) this to you?” She said: “From Allah: for Allah Provides sustenance to whom He pleases without measure.” 3:38
هنالك دعا زكريا ربه قال رب هب لي من لدنك ذرية طيبة إنك سميع الدعاء
Transliteration
Huna lika daAAa zakariyya rabbahu qala rabbi hab lee min ladunka thurriyyat antayyibatan innaka sameeAAu adduAAa/-
Yusuf Ali
There did Zakariya pray to his Lord, saying: “O my Lord! Grant unto me from Thee a progeny that is pure:
for Thou art He that heareth prayer!

From one understanding of Mawlana Shaykh’s teaching is that Sayyida Maryam (as) and they teach us about ourselves through her, that Sayyida Maryem was vouchsafed from her birth by her mother to Sayyidina Zakaria (as), we will not go into that whole event but an important event of that time, is that Sayyida Maryam (as) was given as a gift from her mother, “Ya Rabbi whatever is in this belly of mine, I am asking to give it as a gift in Your way, and to be of service in Your way. And a wonderful daughter was born and she gave that gift to Sayyidina Zakaria (as) a prophet of Allah (SWT) who was in charge of raising that child, because of the conditions and the temple was mainly run by men and she was locked away where no one had access except Sayyidina Zakaria (as) who was responsible for bringing her food and taking care of all her needs, he was the one who was watching over her. And Allah (SWT) describes from these long lives small captions for us that a prophet of God Sayyidina Zakaria prayed all his life for a child to inherit his reality and his secrets and he was asking Allah (SWT) all the way to his old age, “Ya Rabbi grant me a pious child that will inherit from this secret from my traditions and reality so that I may convey them and this lineage that you have bestowed upon us, let it continue.” That was his main dua and he was given the responsibility to raise Sayyida Maryam (as) and then Allah (SWT) describes something important in Sayyidina Zakaria’s life, that Sayyidina Zakaria came into the niche where she would pray and she was a little older, that every time he came into the area where she prayed, there was always foods that was out-of-season, which no one had brought yet (to the markets) and that Our lady peace be upon her and may Allah (SWT) raise her to infinite realities, and Allah (SWT) describes Sayyida Maryam (as) as the one “We have Chosen above all women in Creation.”

Allah (SWT) chose her for a very special gift that He (SWT) wants to bestow upon her. And Sayyidina Zakaria is coming into that niche, a prophet of God and sees that there is sustenance miraculously appearing here. It was to make him realize first that above every knower there is another  knower and also to be tested in humility, because Allah (SWT) loves humility and humbleness and He is displeased with pride and arrogance. The teaching of the value of women was a very low reality at that time and for a prophet of God who was asking continuously and then coming to see that this female has sustenance coming into her niche. And immediately his heart opened and he (as) made a prayer in that niche. The humility in his heart made him realize that “I have been asking and asking for a while, but the secret is being bestowed upon her.” And immediately he began to make a prayer in the niche and instantly Sayyidina Jibril (as) appeared and says “Your dua was accepted.”
فنادته الملائكة وهو قائم يصلي في المحراب أن الله يبشرك بيحيى مصدقا بكلمة من الله وسيدا وحصورا ونبيّا من الصالحين
Transliteration
Fanadat-hu almala-ikatu wa huwa qa-imun yusallee fee al mihrabi annaAllaha yubashshiruka bi yahya musaddiqan bikalimatin mina Allahi wa sayyidan wa hasooran wanabiyyan mina as saliheen
Yusuf Ali
While he was standing in prayer in the chamber, the angels called unto him: “Allah doth give thee glad tidings of Yahya, witnessing the truth of a Word from Allah, and (be besides) noble, chaste, and a prophet,- of the (goodly) company of the righteous.”

The AwliyaAllah take these stories and begin to teach us that “In the path of humility you don’t know where the secret is going to lie.” And firstly his dua was accepted and he witnessed that miracle and also that it came to a woman while he is standing in authority and he was a prophet of the Divine Presence, his station and reality could not be matched, but Allah (SWT) and also that the Divine can give the gift to whomever He pleases, it is not restricted and His hands are not tied (to giving only to those who have authority). But His gift was given for what was to come later, he witnessed a reality when he made a dua and his dua was accepted and now he is held accountable for that reality because later in her life, she is going to be tested. And she realized that she would be tested when the Divine came and said, “You are going to have a child.” And she thought, “How am I going to have a child when no one has touched me?” And the
وإذ قالت الملائكة يا مريم إن الله اصطفاك وطهرك واصطفاك على نساء العالمين
Transliteration
Wa-ith qalati al mala-ikatuya maryamu inna Allaha istafaki wa tahharaki wa stafaki ala nisa-i al AAalameen
Yusuf Ali Holy Quran 3:42
Behold! the angels said: “O Mary! Allah hath chosen thee and purified thee- chosen
thee above the women of all nations.

Divine says, “It is going to be with Kun Fa Ya Kun, when I order it “to Be, it is.’ Whatever needs to happen will happen and you will be with a child.” And the importance in that reality is that a heavy test was coming to her (as). Being secluded always in prayer and worship and now she was going to have something bestowed on her that would bring many difficulties and hardships and many accusations. But the Divine says, “I am not going to care (about that) because this life is about iman and caring (for Love of God).” It is not about popularity or about being comfortable or the easiest way, but that, “We will bestow and you will receive.” Sameena wa atana “I have heard and obeyed,” and the child was going to come. And the order from Allah (SWT) with her station being so high, “When they begin to attack you have no permission to respond to the attack.” With the power that she had of what the Divine had bestowed upon her, she had the ability to answer with Divine Energy and Divine Lights, she could rebuff any attack that would have come because she was a Divinely Gifted human being. And what comes with it, because each step leads…when we read stories and if we read too fast, many examples in our lives would be lost.

So saintly beings they tell us to contemplate the event and step by step what Allah (SWT) wants us to apply this in our lives, it is a timeless reality that did not just happen only once and we go out and celebrate it, but their lives have a timeless reality for our life on earth. And the first (lesson) is that Allah (SWT) loves the humble, the standing authority and the powerful with so much assigned to him was humbling himself and it does not mean that only prophets have to be humble but anybody with power and authority. The Divine loves the character of humility and said, “Witness My miracle all around you,” he was humble enough and witnessed it and immediately made a prayer and immediately his prayer was answered.
And the saintly lady of Divine Presence was also going to be tested, “You will be tested and be given a mission which is not popular, and many people will attack you and you do not have permission to reply.” Allah (SWT) tells them, “We have vouchsafed for you a fast and during your fasting you cannot give a reply, and if it becomes too difficult point to the child, We will inspire the infant to answer them.” But these are levels of Awliyaullah that if Allah gives them a test you cannot go out and try to prove your innocence.
For her, Allah (SWT) said, “Don’t talk, you take the accusation and the abuse and We will resolve it from Divine Presence when We wish to.” And then the defective character that Mawlana Shaykh wants us to understand because Sufism is a school of tarbiyya, a school of bringing out bad character, bringing out the jewel within us but the stone may be very big and filled with lots of garbage. And these jewelers, these Awliyaullah can smash at that stone until they have the right size of jewel that has value in Divine Presence. So everything about keeping their company means that as you are aggravated or upset and seeing things that do not make sense to you or events that happen, keep close company. The more you distance yourself the more you are giving in to your ego and bad character and you begin to stay away and you find yourself alone with your bad character where you are comfortable being alone with that bad character.
So they teach us that in the face of confusion, these pious people were greatly tested in their lives. So Sayyida Maryam (as) gave us a message that, “You are going to be tested and maybe as Allah (SWT) was saying ‘you can’t even defend yourself.’” So lets see what is coming from the hearts of people. So then the case was established that she was tremendously pious, they knew her piety! And they saw the sustenance coming into her niche or they heard of it from Sayyidina Zakaria (as). The whole town knew that the sustenance comes to her miraculously and their nabi Sayyidina Zakaria’s (as) dua was accepted in her niche because of the tajalli of her presence and it was accepted miraculously and instantly. And then Allah (SWT) says that, “I will give a test to her to see the quality and the character of people.” And the response from the people when she comes back with a child laid the foundation saying, “We know you come from a very pious background, you are from the descendants of Sayyidina Aaron, and that your mother and your father were both good and you are not from a bad stock and they began to attack her.
It means that for us, we stop right there and the tafakkur shows that what blinds us from blessings and it blinds us from miracles and blinds us from our daraajats and to be raised is hasad (envy). Hasad is jealous and it blocks everything. The character of hasad and we sent an article on this from the big shaykhs and from Mawlana Shaykh’s teaching that they want to show that the character of jealously is what they want to (bring out).
Jealousy when it sees something it is very aggravated by it saying, “Why is this bestowed on you? Or why are you special or he special Why did you get the raise or why did you get this and it can be many different issues. When it concerns religious people and piety it can be very dangerous. Because it has to do with our daraajat and to be raised in our blessings. But in our daily lives, these issues of jealously and not being able to stand other people, women with women and men with men, and different places, “I don’t want to go there,” or things “I don’t want to do that,” and they begin to teach us from the story that they knew the piety of this holy from the Divine Presence and they saw the miracles time and time again in their lives and their character of jealousy is a sickness that lays dormant waiting to reveal itself.

It sits there baking and boiling and you can’t believe why is this person or why is she the one and it is waiting until the event that Allah (SWT) sends to that pious person to make it look like they did something wrong. And in the eyes of jealous people she was very wrong, it means that Allah (SWT) was describing that in their whole life, “You thought they understood you.” And Allah (SWT) wants to show that no, “They are very jealous of you.” And it only took one instance for the jealousy to come out and begin the attack, “We knew all along that there was something in you.” And that jealousy became so fierce that they wanted to kill her, and farther they wanted to kill the child and it became so fierce that they killed Sayyidina Zakaria (as). He ran from them and they accused him that you have impregnated her and he hid within a tree and they chopped the tree! It means the danger and sickness of hasad is the root of our arrival onto this earth.

Azzazeel thought that he was the khalifa on this earth, he thought he would be raised and the imam teaching all the angels and then the Divine said “No, I have created Adam (as) so bow down.” He said, “I am never going to bow.” And he did not bow and he came to this earth. And the imam of this earth is that fallen angel. He is the one leading and teaching, the one who has been here and he is teaching from his characters and not from the characteristics of the saints and the pious people. And he teaches that, “As I fell you will fall too. I will blind you from all the blessings.”
Because when hasad comes we don’t See any blessings in what is happening. We just have a jealous view, “O I don’t like that place or I don’t like those people, I am not going to eat or drink from them.” And he takes away that rahmah and takes away that blessing and makes us to move far away and as soon as the test comes, “O I never liked you,” and it brings out all the disease and the bad characteristics. Hasad it is waiting and lying dormant for one excuse. One excuse to launch an attack and show itself how it was always blinded by the hasad.

So then Mawlana Shaykh points out that before we can truly grow and bring out the reality of the heart, we must understand that hasad. And we must fight against that hasad and the reason why we don’t like or keep our distance and the reason why all these feeling and emotions come within us, it is from hasad or jealousy. And when we don’t have jealousy and we hear bad news or when we hear something, we are very saddened because we don’t want a difficulty to come out and we don’t want those issues to be brought out. Instead of a joyfulness that her community should have had, they said “O what have you done? We have found it now..ah ha there is something wrong with you.” It means they point out to us on this holy night, it is not just about the event that everybody talks about but the events in their lives and how much they suffered in the way of the Divine Presence. And they took their test and they kept quiet and they went through their tests for the benefit of humanity. And Awliyaullah come into our lives and teach us, “The biggest danger in our character is jealousy and it blinds us from everything. It closes our ears and they don’t want to hear anymore, it closes the eyes and they don’t want to see anymore, I am not seeing the miracle and I am not seeing the blessing.” It begins to distance the heart until the person pulls and withdraws and they are able to lunge and attack.

And as soon as they open their mouth they say, “I never liked this, I never liked that,” and these are all the sickness of jealousy. If this was true and sincere love, none of this would come out. You would go down with the ship and not find a way to save yourself and say, “O I am the clever one, I knew all along.” The Prophet (s) described that if you find something wrong, give seventy examples and seventy daleel to yourself that, “I must be wrong. This is a pious person.” They did this throughout the life of the Prophet (s) and they did this through history to all the pious saints. They did this to show us and for the heart to open then we must conquer this characteristic and we seek refuge in the Divine and ask for the nazar of Sayyidina Muhammad (s) and the madad and support of Awliyaullah that they show us our character defects and give us strength and madad to come against them and realize that everything about our sufi life is going to bring out all of these realities.
Everything that they do to the shaykh and everything about the shaykh’s life is to test everybody’s hasad or jealousy and everybody’s anger. That is why they elect a leader and make a group to follow. It is not the superiority of the leader, he should be humble, he should be nothing. But the fact of leadership and how people treat and act and respond then the whole room can be tested for jealousy. The whole room can be tested for envy and pride. We said before from the masters of reality, they teach us how to do it.
They say that “If you serve tea in the whole room and bring everybody a Styrofoam cup and for the shaykh bring a very nice cup. Some shaykhs have very fancy cups and walk all the way down the middle of the room and put that cup in front of the shaykh. It is not because the shaykh needs a nice fancy cup he doesn’t even own one at home, (I have one with the kids painting on it)..but we are in need. We are in need to be tested in this school because if you are in a school and you are never being tested, you will  withdraw rightaway and find a school where you are going to be tested. So then the test comes into our heart, “Why does he have this special cup?
Why is my cup like this? How come I have to have it like that and look at that cup he has got? Look at his plate it is full of food and everybody else is hungry looking at that food.” These are big stories.
In previous times, Sayyidina Abdul Qadir Jilani (q) would sit with all the students and they would bring a big lamb and bismillah, he would start eating. He did not care how hungry you were, you just kept watching him eat and then he tells one of the others, “Come join me.” And then that one begins to eat and everybody has a whispering in their heart that, “Who the heck is this? Who is he to eat while we are all sitting here hungry. And many would leave because these are powerful awliya they are witnessing and they want to make an event and begin to witness the hearts. “Look, look how they are complaining that he is eating first and then he calls certain people, ‘come, come, sit and eat.’” Then, everybody would go crazy, “Why did he chose him? I am better than him. Why did he chose him to sit at the table. It means that these are the masters of teaching and bringing out what we know and that which we do not know within us. We pray that they teach us our sicknesses and give us the strength to conquer those sicknesses so that we can reach towards Divine realities. Subhaana Rabbika Rabbil izzati amma yasifoon wa salamun mursaleen wal hamdu lilahi Rabil Alameen.